CF Dictionary · Critical Rationalism Terms

Three Worlds (Popper)

Popper's ontology: World 1 (physical), World 2 (mental), World 3 (abstract objects like ideas).

Popper's Three Worlds ontology distinguishes:

  • World 1. Physical objects: rocks, brains, computers, books.
  • World 2. Mental states: beliefs, feelings, experiences.
  • World 3. Abstract objects: ideas, theories, mathematical truths, IGCs, error messages.

Why three worlds

  • World 3 is real but abstract. Numbers exist; they don't exist in space-time.
  • World 3 evolves. Ideas are subject to conjectures and refutations.
  • World 3 affects Worlds 1 and 2. Theories guide action; books affect minds.

CR's argument from three worlds

CR argues that knowledge is largely in World 3 — it's criticisable, transmissible, and improves over time. Mental states (World 2) are private and unreliable; the public, abstract knowledge (World 3) is where progress happens.

CF's adoption

CF adopts the three-worlds view:

  • IGCs are World 3. They're abstract objects with structure.
  • Idea trees are World 3 representations of discussions.
  • Paths Forward is about World 3 sharing and criticism.

Why it matters

  • Knowledge is public, not private. That makes it criticisable.
  • Knowledge evolves. It's not just whatever you happen to believe.
  • Knowledge can be true or false independent of your belief about it.

"Three worlds theory (Popper's view of abstractions)" is one of CF's enumerated CR-specific concepts. — criticalfallibilism.com